MENGGAGAS PENGADILAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL DALAM BINGKAI IUS CONSTITUENDUM SEBAGAI UPAYA PERWUJUDAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN KEADILAN / INITIATING AN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COURT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF IUS CONSTITUENDUM AS AN EFFORT TO REALIZE LEGAL CERTAINTY AND JUSTICE

Abstract

Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial (PHI) dibentuk berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial. Ratio legis-nya adalah mewujudkan kepastian hukum dan keadilan melalui asas peradilan cepat, tepat, adil dan murah. Eksistensi PHI menimbulkan masalah, baik kemampuan pengetahuan pekerja/buruh tentang hukum formil maupun hukum ketenagakerjaan materil, proses lama, dan substansi hukum belum memadai. Tinjauan ini urgen dilakukan untuk identifikasi upaya yang dapat dilakukan agar ratio legis eksistensi PHI terwujud. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan didasarkan pada pengkajian hukum positif, yaitu UU No. 2 Tahun 2004. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah perundang-undangan untuk mengkaji asas-asas peradilan. Hasil tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi beberapa kelemahan, baik dari segi struktur hukum, substansi dan budaya hukum. Upaya untuk mengatasinya, yakni dengan membentuk PHI di setiap Pengadilan Negeri Kabupaten/Kota. Revisi UU No. 2 Tahun 2004 yakni : pengaturan yang memperluas pengertian subjek hukum pekerja/buruh dan pengusaha; lembaga konsiliasi dan arbitrase dipertimbangkan keberadaannya; pengaturan upaya hukum kasasi yang nilai gugatannya di bawah Rp.150 juta dihapus; pengaturan pailit dikategorikan sebagai keadaan mendesak dalam pemeriksaan acara cepat sinkron dengan ketentuan UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang; pengaturan khusus mengenai eksekusi putusan PHI dan pengaturan tidak memperkenankan upaya hukum PK dalam proses eksekusi. Kepastian hukum batas waktu proses administrasi perkara hingga pelaksanaan putusan. Optimalisasi pemanfaaatan sarana Informasi Teknologi (IT) dalam proses administrasi perkara, khususnya pemanggilan “delegasi”.

The Industrial Relations Court (IRC) is instituted based on Law No. 2 of 2004 on Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes. The ratio legis is to realize legal certainty and justice through the principle of fast, precise, fair and cheap judicial process. The existence of the IRC poses some problems with respect to the knowledge competence of workers/laborers in formal law and material employment law, as well as the lengthy process and insufficient legal substance. A review on this matter is urgently needed to identify the efforts that can be made so that the ratio legis for the existence of IRC can be established. The method used is a normative legal research method based on the study of positive law, namely Law No. 2 of 2004. The approach is using legislation to examine the principles of judicial process. The results of this review have identified several weaknesses in terms of legal structure, legal substance and legal culture. An effort to overcome them is by instituting an IRC in every District/Municipal Court. The revisions made to Law No. 2 of 2004 include: a regulation that broadens the definition of the legal subjects workers/laborers and employers; consideration of the existence of conciliation and arbitration institutions; revocation of the regulation on the appeal to the highest court for lawsuits below Rp 150 million in value; a regulation on bankruptcy to be categorized as an urgent situation in examinations by fast proceedings, consistent with the provisions of Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations; a specific regulation on the execution of IRC decisions and a regulation that does not allow the legal remedy of judicial review in the execution process; legal certainty with respect to the limit on the time frame from the case administration process up to the execution of the decision; optimization of the use of Information Technology (IT) facilities in the case administration process, especially in summoning the “delegates”.