ADVOCATE PROFESSION TOWARDS AUTOMATION IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 ERA

Qur'ani Dewi Kusumawardani

doi:10.25216/jhp.8.2.2019.166-195

ADVOCATE PROFESSION TOWARDS AUTOMATION IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 ERA

Qur'ani Dewi Kusumawardani^(1*)

(1) Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of the Republic of Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Legal service and business competition have changed in the last decade because of technology changes. Artificial Intelligence technology in the form of robots, chat bots, and digital assistants will influence the practice of law in industrial revolution 4.0 era. By 2025, based on The Learning Generation report, released by the United Nation Commissions on Financing Global Opportunity, said that half of the world’s jobs are at high risk to get the impact of automation in the coming decades. Legal profession such as lawyer will feel this impact, with the emergence of robot lawyers. The method used in this paper is a juridical normative method with statute approach and conceptual approach, and descriptive analysis. The results will be obtained from this study; firstly, correlation between advocate profession and automation. Secondly, law field which will get impact from automation. Thirdly, what the lawyer should prepare to face the condition of radical technology changing in Industry 4.0, because in this Era, we must innovate more rather just imitate past glory.

Keywords

Lawyer, Industrial Revolution 4.0, Technology

Full Text:

ENGLISH

References

Abdussalam, Abdussalam and DPM Sitompul, Sistem Peradilan Pidana, Jakarta: Restu Agung, 2007.

Acemoglu, Daron, and Pascual Restrepo, Artificial Intelligence, “Automation and Work”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 24196, Cambridge, January 2018.

Attorneys, VDMA, “Artificial Intelligence in a law firm – Transforming the legal profession”, GoLegal, Jul 3, 2018, https://www.golegal.co.za/artificial-intelligence-law-firm/, accessed on November 5, 2018.

Becker, Josh, and LexisNexis, “4 Ways that Law Firms Benefit from Legal Analytics”, LexisNexis, 2018, https://www.lexisnexis.com/pdf/legal-analytics/Legalanalyticwhitepaper.pdf, accessed on November 4, 2018.

Black, Henry Campbell, Bryan A. Garner, Becky R. McDaniel, David W. Schultz, and West Publishing Company, Black’s law dictionary, vol. 196, St. Paul, MN: West Group, 1999.

Bloem, Jaap, Menno Van Doorn, Sander Duivestein, David Excoffier, René Maas, and Erik Van Ommeren, The Fourth Industrial Revolution Things to Tighten the Link Between IT and OT, Groningen: Sogeti VINT, 2014.

Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Andrew McAfee. The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies, New York: WW Norton & Company, 2014.

Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus, Cambridge University, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/automation, accessed on October 21, 2018.

Clay, Thomas S., and Eric A. Seeger, Law Firms in Transition, Altman Weil Inc, 2017, http://www.altmanweil. com/LFiT2017/, accessed on August 8, 2018.

Davenport, Thomas H., and Julia Kirby, Only humans need apply: winners and losers in the age of smart machines, New York: Harper Business, 2016.

Deloitte Insight, “Over 100,000 Legal Roles to Be Automated”, Legal IT Insider, Mar 16, 2016, https://www. legaltechnology.com/latest-news/deloitteinsight-100000-legal-roles-to-be-automated/, accessed on 3 August 2018.

Dodd-Frank, Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Public Law No. 111- 203, 124 Statue 1376 (2010) (codified in scattered sections of 7, 12, 15, 22, 31, and 42 U.S.C.).

Ellmann, Stephen, “Client-Centeredness Multiplied: Individual Autonomy and Collective Mobilization in Public Interest Lawyers’ Representation of Groups”, Virginia Law Review, vol. 78 (1992), pp. 1103-1173.

Erni Widhayanti, Hak-hak Tersangka/Terdakwa di dalam KUHAP, Yogyakarta: Liberty, 1988.

Hall, Rachel, “Ready for robot lawyers? How Students can prepare for the Future of Law,” The Guardian, Jul 31, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/law/2017/jul/31/ready-for-robot-lawyers-how-students-can-prepare-for-the-future-of-law, accessed on August 15, 2018.

Hartarto, Airlangga, “Making Indonesia 4.0”, Opening remarks by the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia, http://www.kemenperin.go.id/download/18384.

Ibrahim, Johnny, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2006.

Jameel, Abdul Latif, IPR Company, Unlocking Digital Success: Combining Industry 4.0 and Lean Management, Retrieved from https://www.alj.com/en/perspective/unlocking-digital-success-combining-industry-4-0-lean-management, accessed on October 25, 2018.

Johnson, David, “Find Out If a Robot Will Take Your Job”, Time, April 21, 2017, http://time.com/4742543/robots-jobs-machines-work/, Apr 19, 2017, accessed on September 1, 2018.

Kagermann, Henning, Johannes Helbig, Ariane Hellinger, and Wolfgang Wahlster, Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative Industrie 4.0: Securing the future of German manufacturing industry, Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group (Forschungsunion, April 2013), http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Material_fuer_Sonderseiten/Industrie_4.0/Final_report__Industrie_4.0_accessible.pdf, accessed on October 26, 2018.

Kagermann, Henning, Wolf-Dieter Lukas, and Wolfgang Wahlster, “Industrie 4.0: Mit dem Internet der Dinge auf dem Weg zur 4. industriellen Revolution”, VDI nachrichten, vol. 13, no. 1 (2011).

Manan, Bagir, Menegakkan Hukum Suatu Pencarian, Jakarta: Asosiasi Advokat Indonesia, 2009.

Manyika, James, Susan Lund, Michael Chui, Jacques Bughin, Jonathan Woetzel, Parul Batra, Ryan Ko, and Saurabh Sanghvi, Jobs lost, jobs gained: Workforce transitions in a time of automation, Kazhakkoottam: McKinsey Global Institute, 2017.

Marchant, Gary A., “Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Legal Practice”, American Bar Association, Nov. 1, 2017. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/science_technology/publications/scitech_lawyer/2017/fall/artificial-intelligence-and-future-legal-practice, accessed on October 25, 2018.

Marchant, Gary E., “Artificial Intelligence and The Future of Legal Practice”, Scitech Lawyer, vol. 14, no. 1 (2017), p. 20-23.

Maulana, Rizqi, “Enam Startup Lokal Bentuk Asosiasi RegTech dan Legaltech di Indonesia”, Techinasia, Sep 19, 2017, https://id.techinasia.com/asosiasi-regtech-dan-legal-tech-indonesia, accessed on July 3, 2018.

Maulani, Anisa Menur A., “Indonesia’s Startup Legal Clinic, a helping hand for startups’ legal woes”, e27, May 31, 2019, https://e27.co/startup-legal-clinic-a-helping-hand-for-startups-legal-woes-20160413/, accessed on June 25, 2019.

Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor and Kenneth Cukier, Big data: A revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.

Pearce, Russell G., and Eli Wald, “The Relational Infrastructure of Law Firm Culture and Regulation: The Exaggerated Death of Big Law,” Hofstra Law Review, vol. 42, no. 109 (2013), pp. 15-31.

Rayo, Edgar Alan, “AI in Law and Legal Practice – A Comprehensive View of 35 Current Applications”, emerj, May 20, 2019, https://emerj.com/ai-sector-overviews/ai-in-law-legal-practice-current-applications/, accessed on 11 June 2019.

Remus, Dana and Frank Levy, “Can robots be lawyers: Computers, lawyers, and the practice of law”, Geo. J. Legal Ethics, vol. 30 (2017).

Schwab, Klaus, The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2016.

Seuba, Xavier, Christophe Geiger, and Julien Penin, “Intellectual Property and Digital Trade in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data”, Global Perspectives and Challenges for the Intellectual Property System, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development Publications Series, June 2018.

Simkovic, Michael, and Frank McIntyre, “The economic value of a law degree”, The Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 43, no. 2 (2014), pp. 249-289.

Sirkin, Harold L., Michael Zinser, and Justin Rose, The robotics revolution: The next great leap in manufacturing, Boston: BCG Perspectives, 2015.

Sloan, Michael, and Yujia He, “The Global Race for Artificial Intelligence – Comparison of Patenting Trends”, Wilson Center, March 1, 2017, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/the-global-race-for-artificial-intelligence-comparison-patenting-trends, accessed on November 2, 2018.

Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji, Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Suatu Tinjauan Singkat, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2011.

Soekanto, Soerjono, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: UI Press, 1981.

Son, Hugh, “JP Morgan: Software Does in Seconds What Took Lawyers 360,000 Hours”, Bloomberg, Feb. 27, 2017, https://www. bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-28/jpmorgan-marshals-an-army, accessed on November 2, 2018.

Sunggono, Bambang, and Aries Harianto, Bantuan Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2009.

Systems, Kira, “How Ai Is Transforming the Due Diligence Process”, Raconteur, Oct. 18, 2017, https://www.raconteur.net/sponsored/how-ai-is-transforming-the-due-diligence-process, accessed on November 3, 2018.

The International Society of Automation, What is automation, https://www.isa.org/about-isa/what-is-automation/, accessed on October 20, 2018.

Yulfasni, Yulfasni, Hukum Pasar Modal, Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Iblam, 2005.

Zhou, Keliang, Taigang Liu, and Lifeng Zhou, “Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities and challenges”, in 2015 12th International conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery (FSKD), IEEE. pp. 2147-2152.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.8.2.2019.166-195