Supreme Court's Legal Advice: Limits, Procedures, and Need for Change
Downloads
The Supreme Court offers legal advice to state organs and government agencies. Nonetheless, there are no regulations governing the execution of Supreme Court Legal Advice. This paper analyses the limitations and procedures of Supreme Court legal advice. This is a normative legal analysis grounded in conceptual and statutory law. This study utilized legal texts, doctrinal sources, and scientific material. This study employs Miles and Huberman's data analysis methodology. This study demonstrates that Article 37 of the 1985 Supreme Court Law and Article 22 paragraph (1) of the 2009 Judicial Power Law are contradictory. The dispute pertains to the petitioner seeking Supreme Court Legal Advice. The Supreme Court's Legal Advice is only extended to state organs and government agencies. The Supreme Court lacks the authority to offer legal advice to local governments, community organizations, and non-governmental organizations. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court offers legal advice to state organs, while the Chairman of the Supreme Court Chamber provides legal advice to government agencies. Both legal advice continues to be designated as Supreme Court Legal Advice.
Adedire, Solomon A. “Nigerian Presidentialism and Legislative Decadence in the Fourth Republic, 2015–2021.†In The Legislature in Nigeria’s Presidential Democracy of the Fourth Republic: Power, Process, and Development, edited by Omololu Fagbadebo and Mojeed Olujinmi A. Alabi, 183–97. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24695-1_13.
Ahmed, Raja Qaiser, Maryum Tamoor, Muhammad Waqas Saleem, and Summar Iqbal Babar. “Chosen Trauma and Saffronization of India.†International Area Studies Review 25, no. 1 (March 13, 2022): 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/22338659211047167.
Amaral-Garcia, Sofia. “Administrative Courts.†In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, edited by Alain Marciano and Giovanni Battista Ramello, 25–32. New York: Springer Nature, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2.
Argawati, Utami. “Mengungkap Konsep Dan Kriteria Lembaga Negara Dengan ‘Constitutional Importance.’†mkri.id, 2023. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19726.
Armaly, Miles T. “Loyalty over Fairness: Acceptance of Unfair Supreme Court Procedures.†Political Research Quarterly 74, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 927–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912920944470.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Perkembangan Dan Konsolidasi Lembaga Negara Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017.
Bansal, Sakshat, and Shruti Sahni. “Bail, Prisons and COVID-19: An Indian Perspective.†Alternative Law Journal 46, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 326–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X211038636.
Beebeejaun, Ambareen, and Rajendra Parsad Gunputh. “A Study of the Influence of Artificial Intelligence and Its Challenges: The Impact on Employees of the Legal Sector of Mauritius.†Global Business Review, September 18, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509231193803.
Bhanu, Arvind P., Ambika Dilwali, and Adityaraj Patodia. “Imperatives of the Basic Structure Doctrine: A Semi-Centennial Concept.†In Comparative Approaches in Law and Policy, edited by Joshua Aston, Aditya Tomer, and Jane Eyre Mathew, 7–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4460-6_2.
Buana, Mirza Satria. “Legal-Political Paradigm of Indonesian Constitutional Court: Defending a Principled Instrumentalist Court.†Constitutional Review 6, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 36–66. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev612.
Butt, Simon. “Judicial Reasoning and Review in the Indonesian Supreme Court.†Asian Journal of Law and Society 6, no. 01 (May 1, 2019): 67–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2018.26.
Butt, Simon, and Tim Lindsey. “Liability for the Death of Aircraft Passengers in Indonesia.†Journal of Air Law and Commerce 85, no. 4 (2020): 573–608. https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol85/iss4/2.
Butt, Simon, and Andreas Nathaniel. “Evidence from Criminal Law Experts in Indonesian Criminal Trials: Usurping the Judicial Function?†The International Journal of Evidence & Proof 28, no. 2 (April 29, 2024): 129–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/13657127231217319.
Cahillane, Laura, and David Kenny. “Lessons from Ireland’s 2020 Judicial Conduct Controversy.†Common Law World Review 51, no. 1–2 (June 18, 2022): 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/14737795211058477.
Durmuş, Elif. “A Typology of Local Governments’ Engagement with Human Rights: Legal Pluralist Contributions to International Law and Human Rights.†Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 38, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 30–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0924051920903241.
Eddyono, Suzanna. “The Shift in the Regime of Silence: Selective Erasure of the 1965 Massacre in Post-New Order Indonesia’s Official Narrative.†Memory Studies 0, no. 0 (February 28, 2023): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231155565.
Faiz, Pan Mohamad, Saldi Isra, and Oly Viana Agustine. “Strengthening Indonesia’s Regional Representative Council Through Judicial Review by the Constitutional Court.†SAGE Open 13, no. 4 (October 26, 2023): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231204408.
Government of India. The Constitution of India (2024). https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2024/07/20240716890312078.pdf.
Government of Indonesia. Law-making Act, Pub. L. No. 12 (2011). https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/11uu012.pdf.
Hossain, Md. Milan, and S. M. Shahidullah Mamun. “Marine Pollution in Bangladesh-Framing Legal Responses: A Critical Study.†Environmental Law Review 23, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 210–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614529211023458.
Ibrahim, Mohammad. “The Judicialisation of Discrimination in the Indonesian Constitutional Court.†International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 22, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 125–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/13582291221094923.
Indonesian Constitutional Court. 2006 Constitutional Court Regulation on Guidelines for Proceedings in Disputes Regarding the Constitutional Authority of State Organs (2006). https://www.mkri.id/public/content/pmk/PMK_PMK8.pdf.
Indonesian Supreme Court. 2023 Supreme Court Circular on the Implementation of the Formulation of the Results of the Plenary Meeting of the Indonesian Supreme Court Chamber in 2023 as a Guideline for the Implementation of Courts’ Duties (2023). https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/sema-nomor-3-tahun-2023/detail.
———. “Fatwa MA.†Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. Accessed July 21, 2024. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/peraturan/index/kategori/fatwa-ma.html.
Iswandi, Kelik, and Nanik Prasetyoningsih. “Kedudukan State Auxiliary Organ Dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Di Indonesia.†Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan 1, no. 2 (2020): 138–65. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18196/jphk.1208.
———. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Kewenangan Lembaga Negara Independen Di Indonesia.†SASI 26, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 434–46. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v26i4.283.
Kaur, Hanspreet. “Transparency in Governance: A Comparative Study of Right-to-Information Legislation in India, Indonesia and Nigeria.†Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 7, no. 4 (December 11, 2022): 1282–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911221109852.
Kholiq, Achmad, and Iim Halimatusa’diyah. “Does Gender Blindness Improve Gender Equality? Female Judges and the Glass Ceiling Effect in the Islamic Judicial System in Indonesia.†Social & Legal Studies 32, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 139–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/09646639221094153.
Kim, Kyunghoon. “Analysing Indonesia’s Infrastructure Deficits from a Developmentalist Perspective.†Competition & Change 27, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 115–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294211043355.
Kisala, Magdalena. “The Law-Making Principles for Developing the Civil Law Legal System.†Review of Comparative Law 21, no. 0 (2015): 69–84.
Kurniawan, Nala, and Bobby Savero. “Indonesia’s ‘Special Relationship’ Concept Could Trigger ALP in Independent Transactions.†International Tax Review 31, no. 3 (2020): 65–57.
Latifiani, Dian, Yusriyadi Yusriyadi, Agus Sarono, Ahmad Habib Al Fikry, and Mohammad Nur Cholis. “Reconstruction of E-Court Legal Culture in Civil Law Enforcement.†Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 441–48. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i2.59993.
Lee, Po-Han. “A Pluralist Approach to ‘the International’ and Human Rights for Sexual and Gender Minorities.†Feminist Review 128, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/01417789211015333.
Legg, Michael. “The COVID-19 Pandemic, the Courts and Online Hearings: Maintaining Open Justice, Procedural Fairness and Impartiality.†Federal Law Review 49, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 161–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/0067205X21993139.
Liu, Huchen, and Jonathan P. Kastellec. “The Revolving Door in Judicial Politics: Former Clerks and Agenda Setting on the U.S. Supreme Court.†American Politics Research 51, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X211070806.
Mahendra, Bayu. “A Commentary: The Inadmissibility of Non-Indonesian Citizens in Judicial Review before the Indonesian Constitutional Court.†Constitutional Review 3, no. 2 (August 21, 2018): 208–31. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev324.
Masterman, Roger. The Separation of Powers in the Contemporary Constitution: Judicial Competence and Independence in the United Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Naurin, Daniel, and Øyvind Stiansen. “The Dilemma of Dissent: Split Judicial Decisions and Compliance With Judgments From the International Human Rights Judiciary.†Comparative Political Studies 53, no. 6 (May 16, 2020): 959–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019879944.
Noonan, Chris. “Partial Price-Fixing and Semi-Collusion.†The Antitrust Bulletin 66, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 481–509. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003603X211045434.
Noor, Fauz. “Kedudukan Fatwa Mahkamah Agung Dalam Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia.†Siyasyatuna: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara 1, no. 1 (2022): 41–48. https://journal.iaitasik.ac.id/index.php/Siyasyatuna/article/view/66/41.
Pistor, Katharina. “The Value of Law.†Theory and Society 49, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 165–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-020-09388-z.
Ramadhan, Ardito, and Dani Prabowo. “TPN Ganjar-Mahfud Minta MA Beri Fatwa, Warga Boleh Memilih Di Luar Tempat Pemilihan.†kompas.com, 2024. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2024/02/13/08254701/tpn-ganjar-mahfud-minta-ma-beri-fatwa-warga-boleh-memilih-di-luar-tempat.
Republic of Indonesia. 1985 Supreme Court Act, Pub. L. No. 14 (1985). https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/download-file-satker/uu-nomor-14-tahun-1985.
———. Tax Court Act, Pub. L. No. 14 (2002).
Rinaldo, Rachel, Eva F. Nisa, and Nina Nurmila. “Divorce Narratives and Class Inequalities in Indonesia.†Journal of Family Issues 45, no. 5 (May 2, 2024): 1195–1216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X231155657.
Rogers, James R., and Joseph Daniel Ura. “A Majoritarian Basis for Judicial Countermajoritarianism.†Journal of Theoretical Politics 32, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 435–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629820927784.
Romlah, Siti, Salma Zavira, and Khansa Muafa. “Implementation of Progressive Legal Theory in Law Enforcement in Indonesia.†Journal La Sociale 1, no. 6 (December 4, 2020): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v1i6.187.
Roy, Anupama. “Institutional ‘Presence’ and the Indian State: The Long Narrative.†Studies in Indian Politics 10, no. 2 (December 7, 2022): 185–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/23210230221135837.
Safa’at, Muchamad Ali. “Single Candidates: Ensuring a Path to Victory in Local Elections.†Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 7, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 1163–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911211062485.
Setiawan, Ken M. P., and Dirk Tomsa. “Defending a Vulnerable yet Resilient Democracy: Civil Society Activism in Jokowi’s Indonesia.†Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 42, no. 3 (December 23, 2023): 350–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034231209058.
Sheppard, Joshua. “Why Does the Common Law Conform to the Constitution?†Federal Law Review 49, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 569–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0067205X211039889.
Smith, Brandon. “Reconceptualising ‘Justiciability’: Crafting a Coherent Framework for Australia’s Unique Constitutional Context.†Federal Law Review 50, no. 3 (September 18, 2022): 371–403. https://doi.org/10.1177/0067205X221107408.
Soehardjojo, Joey, Rick Delbridge, and Guglielmo Meardi. “The Hidden Layers of Resistance to Dominant HRM Transfer: Evidence from Japanese Management Practice Adoption in Indonesia.†Economic and Industrial Democracy 44, no. 3 (August 15, 2023): 679–702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X221086019.
Sudiarawan, Kadek Agus, Alia Yofira Karunian, Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku, and Bagus Hermanto. “Discourses on Citizen Lawsuit as Administrative Dispute Object: Government Administration Law vs. Administrative Court Law.†Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 499–486. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i2.60166.
Syahputra, Candra Maulidi. “Pertimbangan Bidang Hukum Mahkamah Agung Untuk Memberikan Kepastian Hukum Indonesia.†Jurnal Pamator: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo 12, no. 2 (2019): 93–99. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v12i2.6278.
Tamburini, Francesco. “The COVID-19 Outbreak in North Africa: A Legal Analysis.†Journal of Asian and African Studies 56, no. 7 (November 13, 2021): 1738–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909620983586.
Tjandra, Jonathan. “Justiciability as a Constitutional Limitation on Federal Jurisdiction.†Federal Law Review 52, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 182–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0067205X241253295.
Tupay, Paloma Krõõt. “The Estonian Supreme Court.†In Constitutional Review in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by Kálmán Pócza, 86–113. London: Routledge, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003399483-4.
Vervaele, John A.E. “European Criminal Justice in the European and Global Context.†New Journal of European Criminal Law 10, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2032284419840708.
Wico, Standy, Michael Michael, Patricia Louise Sunarto, and Anastasia Anastasia. “Constitutional Complaint in Indonesia Through the Lens of Legal Certainty.†Indonesian Journal of Law and Society 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 59–78. https://doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v2i1.21449.
Yakub, Andi, Andi Ali Armunanto, and Haryanto. “Under Family Control: The Trend of Sole Candidate Elections in Indonesia.†International Area Studies Review 25, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 303–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/22338659221120972.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors confirm the transfer of all copyrights of the manuscripts to the Board Editors of Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan upon its acceptance for publication and that the Board Editors of Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan have the right to publish, republish, transmit, and distribute them in the JHP journal or other media.
- Manuscripts published by Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Every submitted manuscript should be accompanied by a "Copyright Notice" and "Ethical Statement".