Freedom Of Religion And Belief Under Supreme Court Verdict Study Case On Supreme Court Decision Number 17/P/HUM/2021
Downloads
Freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is one of the human rights stated in the 1945 Constitution. Article 29 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the 1945 Constitution. The recognition of religion guarantees the independence of each of its inhabitants to embrace their respective religions and to worship according to their religion or beliefs. The state guarantee on FoRB consists of assurance for the internal and external forums. Freedom to embrace religion or belief is an internal forum for everyone, an absolute right as regulated in ICCPR that Indonesia has also ratified. In fact, this provision is also regulated in Article 28 I paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. The fulfillment of the right to FoRB is frequently discriminated against in Indonesia. The issue of forcing to wear school uniforms with hijab for non-Muslim female students is still common in many public schools in Indonesia. The State has issued a joint decree (SKB) of 3 ministers to normalize the discriminatory status quo. However, the attempt to return it to its normal position was thwarted by the LKMM, which carried out the SKB test. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court (SC) canceled the SKB because schools have the right to carry out religious education and instilled values. The judges ratio decidendi made by the SC Justices were very dry from the perspective of freedom of religion or belief in canceling the 3 Ministerial Decrees. The judge saw the issue of forcing to wear hijab on non-Muslim students from the perspective of the majority religious thought without noticing that Indonesian society is very diverse. Therefore, the protection of the right to FoRB should also safeguard the religious minorities rights. This paper will examine decision made by judiciary power in term protecting the FoRB right. This verdict will be reviewing toward to justice consideration (ratio decedendi) and legal archicteture in filling the norm FoRB. Moreover, it will also appraise to judicial behavior based on breakfasting theory.
Alamsyah M Dja’far, Asfinawati, Febi Yonesta, Muhammad Hafiz, Muhamad Isnur, Muhamad Shubi Azhari, Rumadi Ahmad, Siti Aminah Tardi, Trisno Sutanto, and Zainal Abidin. Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragaman Atau Berkeyakinan Di Indonesia . Jakarta: Wahid Foundation bekerjasama dengan TIFA Foundation, 2016.
Asshiddiqqie J. Komentar Atas Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 . Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2009.
Denny Indrayana. Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluatio of Constitutional Making in Transition. Jakarta: Kompas, 2008.
Feri Amsari. Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Melalui Putusan Pengadilan, Jakarta. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2011.
Heiner Bielefeldt. Menelisik Kebebasan Beragama: Prinsip-Prinsip Dan Kontroversinya. Bandung: Mizan, 2021.
———. Politik Kesetaraaan: Dimensi-Dimensi Kebebasan Beragama Atau Berkeyakinan. Bandung: Mizan, 2019.
Human Rights Watch. I Wanted to Run Away. USA: Human Rights Watch, 2021.
Jimly Asshiddiqqie. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer, 2007.
Al Khanif, and Dina Tsalist Wildana. Kebebasan Beragama Atau Berkeyakinan Di Indonesia: Perspektif Filosfis, Hukum Dan Politik. Malang: Intras Publishing, 2020.
Muhammad Hafiz. Penggunaan Dan Penunjukan Simbol Dan Atribut Keagamaan, Dalam Buku Sumber Hak Kebebasan Beragama Dan Berkeyakinan. Jakarta: Wahid Foundation, 2016.
Nainggolan, Yossa A.P. “Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragama Dan/Atau Berkeyakinan: Forum Internum Dan Forum Eksternum.†Jurnal Hak Asasi Manusia 6, no. 6 (August 31, 2021): 68–83.
RM A.B. Kusuma. Sistem Pemerintahan Pendiri Negara Versus Sistem Presidensial Orde Baru . Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2011.
Siti Aminah, and Uli Parulian Sihombing. Buku Saku Untuk Kebebasan Beragama Mehamami Kebijakan Rumah Ibadah . Jakarta: The Indonesia Legal Resource Center, 2010.
Sulistyowati Irianto, Sulistyowati Irianto, and Sulistyowati Irianto. Laporan Eksaminasi Publik Putusan Mahkamah Agung No 17 P/HUM/2021 Terkait Permohonan Uji Materi Surat Keputusan Bersama 02l/KB/L2O2l Nomor 025-199 TAHUN 2021 Dan Nomor 219 TAHUN 2021 Dari Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, Kementerian Dalam Negeri Dan Kementerian Agama Tentang Penggunaan Pakaian Seragam Dan Atribut Bagi Peserta Didik,Pendidik, Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Di Lingkungan Sekolah Yang Diselenggarakan Pemerintah Daerah Pada Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar Dan Menengah. Jakarta: Komnas Perempuan, 2021.
Todung Mulya Lubis. Recrowning Negara Hukum: A New Challenge, A New Era. Melbourne: Centre for Indonesian Law, Islam and Society, the University of Melbourne, 2014.
Zainal Abidin Bagir, Asfinawati, Suhadi, and Renata. Membatasi Tanpa Melanggar Hak Kebebasan Beragama Dan Berkeyakinan. Yogyakarta: CRCS, 2019.
Rules and Court Decision
Undang-Undang Dasar 1945
Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional
Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan International Convention on Civil and Political Rights
Universal Declaration on Human Rights
Putusan Mahkamah Agung No 17/P/HUM/2021
Standar Norma dan Pengaturan Nomor 1 tentang Penghapusan Diskriminasi Ras dan Etnis.
Website
https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2021/06/04/memaknai-putusan-hakim-dari-perspektif-sosio-legal/
http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUJlHRights/1999/29.html
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors confirm the transfer of all copyrights of the manuscripts to the Board Editors of Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan upon its acceptance for publication and that the Board Editors of Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan have the right to publish, republish, transmit, and distribute them in the JHP journal or other media.
- Manuscripts published by Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Every submitted manuscript should be accompanied by a "Copyright Notice" and "Ethical Statement".
